Bahasa Inggris Ekonomi || Independent and Dependent

FOREWORD

We give thanks to Allah SWT. Thanks to His grace, this English lecture paper can be present as a lecture paper. This lecture paper is prepared as one of the learning tools in English courses. Finally, the authors would like to thank profusely to all those who have helped and participated in the preparation of the English lecture paper.

The writer realizes that this paper is still far from perfection. Therefore, the authors expect constructive criticism and suggestions for readers, hopefully this paper is useful.

Bandar Lampung,    oct 2022

Writer

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER

FOREWORD ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

BAB I PRELIMINARY 1

A. Background 1

B. Formulation of the problem 1

C. Purpose of Writing 1

BAB II DISCUSSION 2

A. Independent Clauses 2

1. Understanding 2

2. Sentence Pattern 2

B. Dependent Clause 2

1. Understanding 2

2. Sentence Pattern 3

3. Types of Dependent Clauses 3

BAB III CLOSING 5

A. Conclusion 5

B. Suggestions 5

BLIBLIOGRAPHY 6

BAB I
PRELIMINARY

1. Background

A clause is a group of words that contains a subject (noun or noun phrase) and a predicate (a simple verb or compound verb phrase, along with any object that completes the verb). Clauses are classified into two types, namely independent clauses and dependent clauses. The first type, namely the independent clause, is also known as the main clause, while the dependent clause is referred to as a subordinate or relative clause.

The main difference between a clause and a phrase is that a clause has a subject and a verb (predicate) whereas a phrase does not have a subject and a predicate. Studying independent and dependent clauses can help avoid spelling errors (run-on sentences, comma splices, and sentence fragments) and can add clarity to writing. A more detailed understanding of clauses and their function in a sentence allows us to punctuate in a certain way.2 In addition, it can also better understand how to use conjunctions, and adverbs to show the relationship between ideas and sentences. In this paper the author will explain about the independent clause and the dependent clause.

2. Formulation of the problem

1. What are Independent Clauses?

2. What is a Dependent Clause?

3. Purpose of Writing

1. To find out what Independent Clauses are

2. To find out what a Dependent Clause is

BAB II
DISCUSSION

1. Independent Clauses

1. Understanding

Independent clauses can stand alone as complete sentences, these clauses cannot begin with a subordinate conjunction, such as after, although, as, because, before, event though, if, once, since, so that, though, unless, until, when, whenever , where, wherever, whether, or while. An independent clause does not have to be combined with a dependent clause, standing alone is easy to understand and make sense. The independent clause is also known as the main clause.

2. Sentence Pattern

Many tourists enjoy the mild winters in southern California

subject verb complete though

Independent Clause Example :

1. If the sky is cloudy tomorrow, we won’t have a picnic. 

2. He said that the fundamentals were solid, so I decided to invest in the Internet startup.

2. Dependent Clause 

1. Understanding

The dependent clause has a subject and a verb but cannot express the thought completely, which raises questions for the reader. Therefore, the dependent clause cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. The presence of a dependent clause is almost always indicated by one word at the beginning of the clause, namely a subordinate conjunction, an interrogative, or a relative pronoun. The dependent clause is also called a subordinate clause. 

2. Sentence Pattern

Although many touritst enjoy the mild winters in southern California

subject   verb object (NOT a complete thought)

3. Types of Dependent Clauses

A dependent clause turns into a fragment sentence if it is not supported by an independent clause. There are three types of dependent clauses, namely

1. Noun Clause

A noun clause depending on its position in the sentence, will require a subject, verb, or complete thought to support it. A noun clause can act as a subject, object, or complement in a sentence. A noun clause can be known if it starts with a relative pronoun (who, which, that) or a relative adverb (how, what, where, when, why.)Contoh :

1. That winter vacation we had in Southern California was fantastic noun clause = subject

2. Many tourist know when the best winter airfare to Southern California goes on sale 

noun clause = object

3. Winter in Southern California is what many tourists look forard every year

noun clause = complement   

2. Adjective Clause

As with noun clauses, adjective clauses identify, define, or provide additional descriptive information and generally begin with a relative pronoun (who, whom, whose, which, that) or a relative adverb (how, what, where, when, why). 

Example :

1. Tourists who enjoy mild winters often come out to 

adjective clause identifies which students

Southern Califor

2. Southern California is where many tourists prefer to spend their winter vacations.

adjective clause defines which place

3. Southern California has mild winters that many tourists enjoy.

adjective clause gives extra information

3. Adverb Clause

Adverb clauses add more information to a sentence and generally with subordinating conjunctions can also be known as “dependence words”. If the adverb clause is at the beginning of the sentence, it must be followed by a comma and an independent clause.

Example :

1. Many tourists come to Southern California in December because of its mild winters. 

adverb clause adds more information 

2. Southern California starts getting snow, tourists may no

adverb clause indicates a conditional relationshi

longer enjoy its winters

3. So that they could enjoy mild winters, many tourists go to

adverb clause indicates a purpose/result relationship

Southern California

BAB III
CLOSING

1. Conclusion

A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a predicate. There are two types of clauses, namely independent clauses or commonly referred to as the main clause. An independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence. While the second type is the dependent clause. 

Dependent clauses are usually called subordinate clauses, dependent clauses cannot stand alone as complete sentences. There are so many benefits in studying clauses, one of which is to use the right conjunctions and help in placing punctuation marks correctly. So by learning clauses, you can minimize errors in writing in writing sentences.

2. Suggestions

In writing this paper, the author realizes that this paper still has shortcomings, both in terms of content and the way it is written. Therefore, with all humility, the author hopes that there will be constructive criticism and suggestions. Finally, the author hopes that this paper can be useful for writers and readers.

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BLIBLIOGRAPHY

‘INDEPENDENT_AND_DEPENDENT_CLAUSES’

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